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Utopia Talk / Politics / the Oxford comma
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 06:34:17 Actual quote from actual "author," "To my parents, Ayn Rand and God." Lol@retards pretending to be intellectual wordsmiths. |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Wed Aug 22 07:02:58 So where is "the Oxford comma?" Shouldn't it be written, "To my parents, Ayn Rand, and God."? |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 07:07:15 "So where is "the Oxford comma?"" fucking retard |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Wed Aug 22 07:10:47 I'm trying to learn something here. Punctuation, as we all know, is not my strong suit. How about a little help? |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 07:13:12 if there was the slightest hint of an honest bone in you, I would have helped. Sadly, you are way beyond the point of utterly hopeless in every single way. The End. |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Wed Aug 22 07:15:10 Translation = You don't have an answer. Perhaps kargen will educate both of us. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 07:17:02 lmfao! |
The Children
Member | Wed Aug 22 07:42:55 i believe it says that ayn rand and god are his parents. |
Arab
Member | Wed Aug 22 07:48:34 He/she means "to my parents, to Ayn Rand, and to God". |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 07:57:42 alternatively, "To God, Ayn Rand and my parents." Its amazing that an "author" would not notice that... OMG Kargen! I just used quotes to paraphrase!!! |
Hood
Member | Wed Aug 22 08:56:13 HR: the way it is worded now, it sounds like this author was parented by ayn rand and god. those 2 are his/her parents, according to the sentence. |
Sam Adams
Member | Wed Aug 22 09:10:45 "Lol@retards pretending to be intellectual wordsmiths. " I love how oddfish describes himself. |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Wed Aug 22 11:52:04 What is the 'Oxford comma'? The 'Oxford comma' is an optional comma before the word 'and' at the end of a list: We sell books, videos, and magazines. It's known as the Oxford comma because it was traditionally used by printers, readers, and editors at Oxford University Press. Not all writers and publishers use it, but it can clarify the meaning of a sentence when the items in a list are not single words: These items are available in black and white, red and yellow, and blue and green. The Oxford comma is also known as the 'serial comma'. The serial comma (also known as the Oxford comma or Harvard comma, and sometimes referred to as the series comma) is the comma used immediately before a coordinating conjunction (usually and or or, and sometimes nor) preceding the final item in a list of three or more items. For example, a list of three countries can be punctuated as either "Portugal, Spain, and France" (with the serial comma) or as "Portugal, Spain and France" (without the serial comma). |
Forwyn
Member | Wed Aug 22 12:00:35 "The End." This not a complete sentence. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 12:03:39 ^This not a sentence. |
Forwyn
Member | Wed Aug 22 12:30:03 fuuuuuuuuu God damnit |
kargen
Member | Wed Aug 22 12:36:32 "OMG Kargen! I just used quotes to paraphrase!!! " No you didn't. Niether did I. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 12:37:31 Err, yes I did, you fucking moron. The word you're looking for is, "neither." |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 12:40:51 Why do you retards feel the need to pretend to be very good at shit you're terrible at? I don't go around pretending to know how to build a bridge or something. Listen, you know about pigfuckin' and banjopickin'. Stick to the topics you're an expert at, ok? Please? |
kargen
Member | Wed Aug 22 12:55:42 With all the misspellings and typing errors you make you are not one to run about pointing out errors others might make, but thanks, I get that word wrong often. I forget that "I before E, except after C" should actually be "I before E, except after C and some other times too". and no you didn't and I'm still not going to fuck you no matter how you beg. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/paraphrase that might help you not look so fucking ignorant. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 13:02:03 Listen, idiot: your source does not, in any way, support your argument, at all. I'm going to give you one chance at being let down gently. I copywrite and edit academic research papers for publication in the world's most renown scientific journals. I am listed as one of the authors of one of the top ten most downloaded research papers at iTunesU. On top of that, half of my education is about how to write exactly correct papers. I'm red hot at this shit. You're not. You're crap. Just let it alone, man. |
kargen
Member | Wed Aug 22 13:10:54 "I copywrite and edit academic research papers for publication in the world's most renown scientific journals. I am listed as one of the authors of one of the top ten most downloaded research papers at iTunesU." So you should know better. You were wrong and you are still wrong. Mores the pity as the mistake is right in line with what your area of expertice is suppose to be. That would be akin to me forgetting to take a lens cap off the camera before shooting. You really are an idiot. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 13:19:06 Ok, banjopickin' pigfucker, lol... The original quote reads as "To my parents, Ayn Rand and God." I paraphrased it here: WilliamTheBastard Member Wed Aug 22 07:57:42 alternatively, "To God, Ayn Rand and my parents." Your source, which is supposed to disprove that that is a paraphrase, reads: Definition of PARAPHRASE 1 : a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form 2 : the use or process of paraphrasing in studying or teaching composition See paraphrase defined for English-language learners » Examples of PARAPHRASE This is just a paraphrase of what he said, not an exact quote. <your essays on human rights should have some original thought and not be simply a paraphrase of what's in the textbook> oink, oink, you retarded, pigfuckin' redneck, lol |
kargen
Member | Wed Aug 22 13:45:36 Okay, I'll give you this one. But only partially. And it still doesn't change the fact that what Earthpig posted in the other forum looked and played the part of an actual quote. THere you are still wrong. We need everybody to mark their calenders and remember where they were today. Willy the screeching shit throwing monkey finally got something sorta correct. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 13:50:23 "And it still doesn't change the fact that what Earthpig posted in the other forum looked and played the part of an actual quote. THere you are still wrong. " Lol! No, I'm not, you fucking retard. How am I wrong there, insane pigfucking lunatic? |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 13:53:03 It's "they're," illterate pigfuckin' hay farmer. |
Camaban
The Overseer | Wed Aug 22 13:54:01 "THere you are still wrong. " "It's "they're," illterate pigfuckin' hay farmer. " ??? |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 13:55:05 Whoops, I completely misread there, lol. |
Camaban
The Overseer | Wed Aug 22 13:57:10 See, there's one rule that you must always abide by when arguing over grammar and insulting each other's language skills. Check, re-check and check again before submitting. :P |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:01:05 Kargen, you idiot. 1. We've proven over and over again the 5th grade lesson that if words are placed within "", they do not necessarily become a quote. When you said, about EP's post: "If it's inside "", it's a quote," you were completely7 and utterly wrong. 2. You're simply disingenuous when you pretend that EP was passing off a false statement as a quote. Everyone at UP knows full well that this is standard practice for ironic paraphrasing of other posters at UP. Everyone knows you know that as well as them, so cut the lying fucking bullshit, you pigfucking moron, for christs sake. |
kargen
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:01:28 "How am I wrong there" Same way you are wrong on a daily basis around here. You can't comprehend for shit and are an ignorant shit throwing monkey. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:01:45 That is the cardinal rule, camaban. I'm glad you missed the other one ;) |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:03:04 So, you can't show where that statement is wrong, eh, pigfucker lol But you sure can oink that oink! |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:04:17 Everyone here is reading that you can't show what was wrong there lol |
kargen
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:11:25 Okay monkeyboy it wasn't just the "" Earthpig actually attributed the words to Hot Rod. You are forgetting that little fact. If I type the following "WilliamtheBastard is a fucking idiot" - Hotrod everybody is going to assume correctly that I am quoting Hotrod. so you were and you are fucking wrong. Time for lunch here, I will attempt to educate you more later. You illiterate shit throwing monkey. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:15:13 "Okay monkeyboy it wasn't just the "" Man, it took some time for the pigfuckin' hillbilly to finally admit that one You lying little fuck, you lol...noone is going to assume EP was quoting here. Everyone was going to assume he was ironically paraphrasing him. You lying little piglet lol... earthpig GTFO HOer Sat Aug 18 13:48:13 "Whatever political system give disproportionate representation to rednecks is the best political system" - hot rod |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Wed Aug 22 14:17:38 So far, because this is going to take some tallying, we have: 1) kargen Member Wed Aug 22 13:45:36 Okay, I'll give you this one. 2) kargen Member Wed Aug 22 14:11:25 Okay monkeyboy it wasn't just the "" |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Wed Aug 22 17:37:10 "So where is "the Oxford comma?"" |
kargen
Member | Wed Aug 22 18:22:29 and it was never just the "" so you win nothing there. and the I'll give you this one came with a caveat that you quickly ignore in your rush to this one time not look like a complete ass. Now start throwing more turds little monkey. " Man, it took some time for the pigfuckin' hillbilly to finally admit that one " was my point all along dipshit. and yes, you did just quote the misquote disguised as an actual quote. Good for you! Ya remembered what we were talking about. You are still wrong though. |
ehcks
Member | Wed Aug 22 18:24:40 "So where is "the Oxford comma?"" It's missing. That's the point. The original author wrote the sentence as to say that Ayn Rand and god were their parents. |
ehcks
Member | Wed Aug 22 18:25:16 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ddp1pf_MB8 |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Wed Aug 22 18:32:54 ehcks, thank you very much. That is all I wanted to know. As I pointed out in my second post, "Punctuation, as we all know, is not my strong suit." |
Hood
Member | Wed Aug 22 19:45:12 Hood Member Wed Aug 22 08:56:13 HR: the way it is worded now, it sounds like this author was parented by ayn rand and god. those 2 are his/her parents, according to the sentence. I had answered your question, HR. :/ |
Hood
Member | Wed Aug 22 19:45:23 albeit not quite as directly. |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Wed Aug 22 20:26:14 Yeah, now it makes sense. Before it was a little fuzzy. Thanks. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Thu Aug 23 01:22:02 Rofl, the pigfuckery in this one is very strong. Ive seldom seen such arrested development in a human being. He's now backing down on the mistakes he's just admitted to, like a hopped up crackhead in court denying everything he said previously. Its amusing to see him publicly humiliate himself this way lol A) kargen - "and it was never just the "" so you win nothing there." This whole retardation, until you added new retardation in this thread, of course, was entirely about me explaining to your tiny mind that just putting something in "" doesnt make it a quote. You claimed it did. Again, since you're either lying or have the memory of a goldfish, here's your quote in its entirety "kargen Member Sat Aug 18 19:25:15 Hey idiot when you put something in these "" it is a quote. Dumb fuck." B) Kargen - "and the I'll give you this one came with a caveat that you quickly ignore" you havent proven or even shown this little pretend caveat of yours, squealing pigfucker, you just say there is one somewhere, in secret LaLaland. Please point it out, C) Kargen - "was my point all along dipshit." So now it was your point all along that just putting words between "" does NOT make a quote, as you claimed it did. This is why you only in this thread finally admitted: "Okay monkeyboy it wasn't just the "". Have you been a-sniffin' glue behind the barn again, you hideous hick? D) Kargen _ and yes, you did just quote the misquote disguised as an actual quote. Good for you! Ya remembered what we were talking about." I've never denied quoting EP, you fucking retard. What are you on about now? Repeat: You're simply disingenuous when you pretend that EP was passing off a false statement as a quote. Everyone at UP knows full well that this is standard practice for ironic paraphrasing of other posters at UP. Everyone knows you know that as well as them, so cut the lying fucking bullshit, you pigfucking moron. "You are still wrong though." About what? Its funny, because each time youve tried to prove it, you've ended up admitting YOU were wrong - twice, so far. So, prove it, you stupid fucking hog humpin' hillbilly retard |
KreeL
Special Member | Thu Aug 23 01:30:34 As the only professional writer here, I laugh at this thread. |
earthpig
GTFO HOer | Thu Aug 23 01:33:05 "WilliamTheBastard is earthpig" - dumbasses. "I am a professional writer" - KreeL. I didn't actually read this whole thread... can someone fill me in on how I've been misusing quotes, and on how KreeL is Steven King? |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Thu Aug 23 01:38:11 kargen claims you were falsely attributing a fabricated quote to hot rod with, earthpig GTFO HOer Sat Aug 18 13:48:13 "Whatever political system give disproportionate representation to rednecks is the best political system" - hot rod I've been trying to explain to the hog humper from hell that just putting something between "" doesn't make it a quote, to which he replied: "kargen Member Sat Aug 18 19:25:15 Hey idiot when you put something in these "" it is a quote. Dumb fuck." He's losing terribly, so far lol... |
earthpig
GTFO HOer | Thu Aug 23 01:39:12 OK, caught up now. This seems to be the point of contention: earthpig GTFO HOer Sat Aug 18 13:48:13 "Whatever political system give disproportionate representation to rednecks is the best political system" - hot rod ------------ If anyone here believes that Hot Rod could actually compose such a statement with his 8th grade education and decade of Faux News, speak the fuck up and identify yourselves. OK, those that spoke up are self-pwnt. Obviously. Everyone else obviously realizes that it was Monty Python level satire, and those whining about "Monty Python is dishonest!" are even *more* self-pwnt. Questions? |
kargen
Member | Thu Aug 23 01:55:57 nope, you still framed it as a quote though. Never claimed I actually believed Hotrod typed that or that you believed he typed it. Just argued it was fashioned in the manner of a quote. And it was satire or not. |
Camaban
The Overseer | Thu Aug 23 02:19:51 >>That is the cardinal rule, camaban. I'm glad you missed the other one ;) << I quoted both, but will admit I dismissed the typo. |
KreeL
Special Member | Thu Aug 23 02:22:40 "So, prove it, you stupid fucking hog humpin' hillbilly retard " What, no period? LOL |
earthpig
GTFO HOer | Thu Aug 23 02:33:04 " Never claimed I actually believed Hotrod typed that or that you believed he typed it. " So this is one of those "well, you know, hypothetically some foolish person could come along and if they are especially sensitive delicate flowers bla bla bla" narratives? But you can't point to anyone that isn't a dumbass that bought into that narrative? It's entirely and 100% hypothetical and fictitious? If so, we're done. If not, please explain. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Thu Aug 23 02:36:24 Lol, poor fucking hog humpin' hobo... |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Thu Aug 23 02:39:50 "nope, you still framed it as a quote though" My words were, you fucking liar, the very opposite: WilliamTheBastard Member Sat Aug 18 19:20:13 Its not a quote Tell me, lying pigfucker, how was that "framing" it as a quote? |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Thu Aug 23 02:43:57 Pigfucker - the essence of the retarded section of the conservatives, completely lost in his world of eternal fabrications. |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Thu Aug 23 02:58:55 "Never claimed I actually believed Hotrod typed that or that you believed he typed it. " No, but you believed everybody else would: "kargen Member Wed Aug 22 14:11:25 Earthpig actually attributed the words to Hot Rod. If I type the following "WilliamtheBastard is a fucking idiot" - Hotrod everybody is going to assume correctly that I am quoting Hotrod. so you were and you are fucking wrong." You really are a weaseling little fuck, aren't you? lol |
earthpig
GTFO HOer | Thu Aug 23 03:00:44 "WilliamtheBastard is a fucking idiot" - Hotrod |
earthpig
GTFO HOer | Thu Aug 23 03:01:11 A fact (derived from the Latin factum, see below) is something that has really occurred or is actually the case. The usual test for a statement of fact is verifiability, that is whether it can be proven to correspond to experience. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by repeatable experiments. Contents 1 Etymology and usage 2 Fact in philosophy 2.1 Correspondence and the slingshot argument 2.2 Compound facts 2.3 Fact–value distinction 2.4 Factual–counterfactual distinction 3 Fact in science 3.1 Scholarly inquiry regarding scientific fact 3.2 Fact and the scientific method 4 Fact in history 5 Fact in law 5.1 Legal pleadings 6 See also 7 References Etymology and usage The word fact derives from the Latin factum, and was first used in English with the same meaning: "a thing done or performed", a use that is now obsolete.[1] The common usage of "something that has really occurred or is the case" dates from the middle of the sixteenth century.[2] Fact is sometimes used synonymously with truth, as distinct from opinions, falsehoods, or matters of taste. This use is found in such phrases as, It is a fact that the cup is blue or Matter of fact,[3] and "... not history, nor fact, but imagination." Fact also indicates a matter under discussion deemed to be true or correct, such as to emphasize a point or prove a disputed issue; (e.g., "... the fact of the matter is ...").[4][5] Alternatively, fact may also indicate an allegation or stipulation of something that may or may not be a "true fact",[6] (e.g., "the author's facts are not trustworthy"). This alternate usage, although contested by some, has a long history in standard English.[7] Fact may also indicate findings derived through a process of evaluation, including review of testimony, direct observation, or otherwise; as distinguishable from matters of inference or speculation.[8] This use is reflected in the terms "fact-find" and "fact-finder" (e.g., "set up a fact-finding commission").[9] Facts may be checked by reason, experiment, personal experience, or may be argued from authority. Roger Bacon wrote "If in other sciences we should arrive at certainty without doubt and truth without error, it behooves us to place the foundations of knowledge in mathematics."[10] Fact in philosophy In philosophy, the concept fact is considered in epistemology and ontology. Questions of objectivity and truth are closely associated with questions of fact. A "fact" can be defined as something which is the case, that is, a state of affairs.[11][12] Facts may be understood as that which makes a true sentence true.[13] Facts may also be understood as those things to which a true sentence refers. The statement "Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system" is about the fact Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.[14] Misunderstanding of the difference between fact and theory sometimes leads to fallacy in rhetoric,[citation needed] in which one person will say his or her claim is factual whereas the opponent's claim is just theory. Such statements indicate confusion as to the meanings of both words, suggesting the speaker believes that fact means "truth," and theory means "speculation."[dubious – discuss] Correspondence and the slingshot argument Engel's version of the correspondence theory of truth explains that what makes a sentence true is that it corresponds to a fact.[15] This theory presupposes the existence of an objective world. The Slingshot argument claims to show that all true statements stand for the same thing - the truth value true. If this argument holds, and facts are taken to be what true statements stand for, then we reach the counter-intuitive conclusion that there is only one fact - "the truth".[16] Compound facts Any non-trivial true statement about reality is necessarily an abstraction composed of a complex of objects and properties or relations.[17] For example, the fact described by the true statement "Paris is the capital city of France" implies that there is such a place as Paris, there is such a place as France, there are such things as capital cities, as well as that France has a government, that the government of France has the power to define its capital city, and that the French government has chosen Paris to be the capital, that there is such a thing as a "place" or a "government", etc.. The verifiable accuracy of all of these assertions, if facts themselves, may coincide to create the fact that Paris is the capital of France. Difficulties arise, however, in attempting to identify the constituent parts of negative, modal, disjunctive, or moral facts.[18] Fact–value distinction Main article: fact–value distinction Moral philosophers since David Hume have debated whether values are objective, and thus factual. In A Treatise of Human Nature Hume pointed out there is no obvious way for a series of statements about what ought to be the case to be derived from a series of statements of what is the case. Those who insist there is a logical gulf between facts and values, such that it is fallacious to attempt to derive values from facts, include G. E. Moore, who called attempting to do so the Naturalistic fallacy. Factual–counterfactual distinction Main article: counterfactual conditional Factuality — what has occurred — can also be contrasted with counterfactuality — what might have occurred, but did not. A counterfactual conditional or subjunctive conditional is a conditional (or "if-then") statement indicating what would be the case if events had been other than they actually are. For example, "If Alexander had lived, his empire would have been greater than Rome". This is to be contrasted with an indicative conditional, which indicates what is (in fact) the case if its antecedent is (in fact) true — for example, "if you drink this, it will make you well". Such sentences are important to Modal logic, especially since the development of Possible world semantics. Fact in science Further information: scientific method and philosophy of science Just as in philosophy, the scientific concept of fact is central to fundamental questions regarding the nature, methods, scope and validity of scientific reasoning. In the most basic sense, a scientific fact is an objective and verifiable observation, in contrast with a hypothesis or theory, which is intended to explain or interpret facts.[19] (For an example, see Evolution as theory and fact.) Various scholars have offered significant refinements to this basic formulation (details below). Also, rigorous scientific use of the term "fact" is careful to distinguish: 1) states of affairs in the external world; from 2) assertions of fact that may be considered relevant in scientific analysis. The term is used in both senses in the philosophy of science.[20] Scholarly inquiry regarding scientific fact Scholars and clinical researchers in both the social and natural sciences have forwarded numerous questions and theories in clarifying the fundamental nature of scientific fact.[21] Pertinent issues raised by this inquiry include: the process by which "established fact" becomes recognized and accepted as such;[22] whether and to what extent "fact" and "theoretic explanation" can be considered truly independent and separable from one another;[23][24] to what extent are "facts" influenced by the mere act of observation;[24] and to what extent are factual conclusions influenced by history and consensus, rather than a strictly systematic methodology.[25] Consistent with the theory of confirmation holism, some[who?] scholars assert "fact" to be necessarily "theory-laden" to some degree. Thomas Kuhn points out that knowing what facts to measure, and how to measure them, requires the use of other theories. For example, the age of fossils is based on radiocarbon dating which is justified by reasoning that radioactive decay follows a Poisson process rather than a Bernoulli process. Similarly, Percy Williams Bridgman is credited with the methodological position known as operationalism, which asserts that all observations are not only influenced, but necessarily defined by the means and assumptions used to measure them. Fact and the scientific method Apart from the fundamental inquiry in to the nature of scientific fact, there remain the practical and social considerations of how fact is investigated, established, and substantiated through the proper application of the scientific method.[26] Scientific facts are generally believed to be independent of the observer: no matter who performs a scientific experiment, all observers will agree on the outcome.[27] In addition to these considerations, there are the social and institutional measures, such as peer review and accreditation, that are intended to promote factual accuracy (among other interests) in scientific study.[28] Fact in history Further information: Historiography A common rhetorical cliché states, "History is written by the winners". This phrase suggests but does not examine the use of facts in the writing of history. E. H. Carr in his 1961 volume, What is History?, argues that the inherent biases from the gathering of facts makes the objective truth of any historical perspective idealistic and impossible. Facts are, "like fish in the Ocean," of which we may only happen to catch a few, only an indication of what is below the surface. Even a dragnet cannot tell us for certain what it would be like to live below the Ocean's surface. Even if we do not discard any facts (or fish) presented, we will always miss the majority; the site of our fishing, the methods undertaken, the weather and even luck play a vital role in what we will catch. Additionally, the composition of history is inevitably made up by the compilation of many different bias of fact finding - all compounded over time. He concludes that for a historian to attempt a more objective method, one must accept that history can only aspire to a conversation of the present with the past - and that one's methods of fact gathering should be openly examined. As with science, historical truth and facts will therefore change over time and reflect only the present consensus (if that). Fact in law Further information: Evidence (law) and Trier of fact In most common law jurisdictions,[29] the general concept and analysis of fact reflects fundamental principles of Jurisprudence, and is supported by several well-established standards.[30][31] Matters of fact have various formal definitions under common law jurisdictions. These include: an element required in legal pleadings to demonstrate a cause of action;[32][33] the determinations of the finder of fact after evaluating admissible evidence produced in a trial or hearing;[34] a potential ground of reversible error forwarded on appeal in an appellate court;[35] and any of various matters subject to investigation by official authority to establish whether a crime has been perpetrated, and to establish culpability.[36] Legal pleadings Main article: Pleading A party to a civil suit generally must clearly state all relevant allegations of fact upon which a claim is based. The requisite level of precision and particularity of these allegations varies depending on the rules of civil procedure as well as the jurisdiction. Parties who face uncertainties regarding the facts and circumstances attendant to their side in a dispute may sometimes invoke alternative pleading.[37] In this situation, a party may plead separate sets of facts that (when considered together) may be contradictory or mutually exclusive. This (seemingly) logically-inconsistent presentation of facts may be necessary as a safeguard against contingencies (such as res judicata) that would otherwise preclude presenting a claim or defense that depends on a particular interpretation of the underlying facts.[38] See also Brute fact Consensus reality Counterfactual history De facto Fact-finding Factoid Lie Reality State of affairs Truth |
WilliamTheBastard
Member | Thu Aug 23 03:01:54 why the spam? |
Hood
Member | Thu Aug 23 10:05:02 hot rod hacked ep's account. |
Hot Rod
Revved Up | Thu Aug 23 10:56:02 Not hardly. The truth is, being a liberal is fucking up his weak mind. |
Hood
Member | Thu Aug 23 10:56:48 ^complete lie. |
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